Absorption kinetics of NO from simulated flue gas using Fe(II)EDTA solutions

The absorption of NO encountering flue gases in aqueous solutions of Fe(II)EDTA was determined using a semi-batch stirred tank with a plane gas–liquid interface at 50 °C. The concentrations of NO, SO₂ and O₂ in the feeding stream were 300–800 ppm, 500–2200 ppm and 0–20%, respectively. The pH value of the Fe(II)EDTA solutions varied from 3 to 11. The concentrations of Fe(II)EDTA were maintained between 0.01 and 0.05 M. Experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of operating parameters on the NO absorption rate, the reaction kinetics of the reactants in gas and liquid phases, and the effect of competition between various reactants on the mass transfer rate in the NO removal system. Results indicate that the average reaction rate constant is 3.70 × 10⁷ M⁻¹ s⁻¹. Adding NaOH does not increase the absorption capability of Fe(II)EDTA. The presence of O₂ decreases the NO absorption rate with Fe(II)EDTA. The absorption rate of NO with Fe(II)EDTA decreases at low concentrations of SO₂, but increases at high concentrations.     

催化燃烧／库仑滴定法测定植物叶片中硫

以三氧化钨为催化剂，燃烧处理植物叶片，硫转化为SO2，后者被吸收液吸收后采用库仑滴定法测定。方法快速简便，测定植物叶片中硫的含量，相对标准偏差为1．5％，适用于大批量样品的快速测定。     

乐安江沉积物对重金属的吸附模式研究──表面络合模式在天然沉积物研究中的应用

应用表面络合理论及其研究方法对乐安江沉积物的表面特征及对重金属的吸附特性进行了研究。进行了乐安江沉积物样品的表面电位滴定实验及样品对重金属Cu、Cd的吸附实验。应用图解法及FITEQL优化程序确定了表面络合模式中的相应参数,并对模式的预测能力进行了检验。研究了3种表面络合模式即恒定容量模式,扩散层模式和三层模式的拟合应用情况。结果表明,3种表面络合模式均能较好地描述天然沉积物的吸附过程,但哪种模式从化学原理上看更正确尚不能证明。从模式计算的难易程度分析,扩散层模式有一定优势。模式应用中应特别强调的是模式参数间的相关性和一致性。     

重金属离子与典型离子型有机污染物的络合效应研究

采用自动电位滴定法,研究了水环境中4种常见的重金属离子Cu2+、Pb2+、Zn2+、Cd2+与环丙沙星、磺胺甲基嘧啶和全氟辛酸的络合效应.测定了3种有机物与4种金属离子的络合常数logK值,计算了各种络合物在不同pH值下的形态分布. 结果表明,Cu2+与环丙沙星能形成较为稳定的络合物Cu(cip±)2+、Cu(cip±)22+、Cu(cip-·cip±)+,其络合能力要远强于Pb2+、Zn2+、Cd2+,前者形成的络合常数要比后三者高出3个数量级.4种金属离子与磺胺甲基嘧啶均有一定的络合能力,但稳定常数差别不大.全氟辛酸分子中由于带有较多的电负性强的F,表现出强酸的性质,与4种金属离子未见明显的络合作用.     

Remobilization of selected metal ions from Nile sediment (Egypt) according to sequential extraction and metal–EDTA complex

River sediments are basic components of our environment, providing nutrients for living organisms and serving as sinks for deleterious chemical species. The metal contents may be remobilized and released back into waters with changes in environmental conditions, thus affecting living organisms and human activities. This paper aims to determine the effect of a synthetic anthropogenic chelating agent (EDTA) as industrial discharges on the remobilization of several metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) in River Nile sediments (at Aswan and Mansoura cities) under different concentrations and pH values, and to investigate the influence of metal–EDTA complexes on this remobilization. For these purposes, sequential extraction and experiments on the effect of pH and metal EDTA complex were carried out on the two representative sediment samples south and north of the River Nile in Egypt. The results of sequential extraction show that most of metal contents present in the residual form (Cu, 11.36–72.34%; Pb, 29.64–66.67%; and Zn, 43.76–50.09% at Aswan and Mansoura, respectively). Non-residual fractions which may be available for the remobilization by EDTA represented anthropogenic (industrial, agriculture, and domestic discharges) and lithiopogenic (metals bound to Fe and Mn oxides) sources. A clear increase was detected for Cu and Zn remobilization from the increase in EDTA concentrations, in contrast, Cd independent of the EDTA concentration and slight influence on Pb content. The remobilization of metals as a function of pH exhibited. The metals were greatly remobilized under the complexing action of EDTA, showing that some of these elements were adsorbed on the sediments. The remobilization rate of metals was dependent upon the added metal–EDTA complex (with the exchange rate being in the order Ca–EDTA>Zn–EDTA>Cd–EDTA>Cu–EDTA>Pb–EDTA), due to the stability constant of the metal–EDTA complex. The results of these experiments showed that heavy metals are greatly remobilized under the complexing action of EDTA when it is present in excess, so all precautions should be taken to prevent any wastewater containing EDTA or any chelating agents discharging directly or indirectly via the River Nile stream because most EDTA remains in the aquatic phase. The ability of this portion to remobilize metals from sediments should be taken into account.     

不同形态锌离子对鲫鱼谷胱甘肽系统的影响

研究了在室内模拟条件下,不同形态锌离子(Zn²⁺与Zn-EDTA)长期(40d)暴露对鲫鱼(Crucian curatus)肝脏谷胱甘肽系统的影响.结果表明,在试验剂量范围内,0.10mg/L的Zn²⁺暴露即能引起鲫鱼肝脏中锌显著积累,明显高于Zn-EDTA暴露试验中的积累量.鲫鱼肝脏中谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)的活性,在Zn²⁺及Zn-EDTA浓度为0.05mg/L(低于渔业水质标准0.10mg/L)时就受到了显著抑制,Zn-EDTA较高浓度(>0.1mg/L)暴露对GR活性的抑制率更大.Zn²⁺对谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)活性、氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量及GSH/GSSG均有抑制作用,且存在良好的剂量-效应关系.     

Analysis of polymeric quaternary ammonium salts as found in cosmetics by metachromatic polyelectrolyte titration

Metachromatic polyelectrolyte titration was investigated as a means of analyzing polymeric quaternary ammonium salts (polyquaterniums) of relatively low charge density used as ingredients in cosmetics. They are of possible toxicological concern, but little is known of their environmental fate and behavior. With o-toluidine blue as the indicator, determination of the concentration of a range of polyquaterniums of commercial importance and cosmetic origin was possible. Using a visual endpoint, normalities as low as 3 × 10^?5 N could be determined, while with a spectrophotometric endpoint, the technique was effective to approximately 3 × 10^?6 N. The concentrations (g L^?1) to which these normalities correspond depend on the charge density of the polymer. Polyquaterniums are frequently used in association with anionic surfactants in cosmetic formulations and the presence of an anionic surfactant even in excess did not affect results although the color change was less stable. Titration in the presence of prepared humic acid was also possible.     

EDTA对波士顿蕨吸收Hg的影响及其光合响应

采用水培实验方法研究EDTA对波士顿蕨吸收和转移Hg的影响,以及波士顿蕨对Hg及Hg和EDTA胁迫下光合系统II(PSII)的响应.结果显示:波斯顿蕨的根部能富集Hg,加入EDTA可以提高Hg从其根部转移到地上部分.单独Hg处理略微抑制了叶绿素的合成,Hg或Hg与EDTA处理对叶绿素的合成没有明显的影响.Hg或Hg与EDTA对植物的光合作用产生一定程度的胁迫作用.Hg单独处理或Hg与EDTA一起处理都导致了植物光合效能指数下降,干扰光系统II中的能量转移,将部分反应中心被转化为能耗中心,在一定程度上抑制了光系统II中的电子传递.